Agrégateur de flux
Personnel sous pression dans les centres fermés
©unsplash ©pexels
Manque de personnel, agressions et formations insuffisantes : dans les centres fermés, les travailleurs dénoncent des conditions de plus en plus difficiles. Dans le centre de Vottem à Liège, un représentant syndical, un chauffeur et un éducateur racontent un quotidien sous pression et expliquent pourquoi les engagements pris par les autorités ne suffisent pas encore à les rassurer.
Le 12 octobre 2026, les syndicats ont déposé un préavis de grève commun pour les centres fermés en Belgique. Deux jours plus tard, après une rencontre avec le cabinet de la ministre de l’Asile et de la Migration, Anneleen Van Bossuyt, le mouvement a été suspendu. Des engagements ont été pris, notamment en matière de sécurité et de recrutement. Mais sur le terrain, les difficultés restent bien présentes.
Pour Stéphane Pépin, secrétaire permanent à la CSC Services publics, le problème vient notamment du décalage entre les objectifs de la politique migratoire et les moyens accordés aux centres. La ministre souhaite augmenter leur taux d’occupation, alors que les équipes peinent déjà à assurer toutes leurs missions. Comme le résume le représentant syndical, « l’encadrement en termes de personnel ne suit pas ».
À Vottem, le service des chauffeurs est particulièrement touché. L’un d’eux, qui préfère rester anonyme, explique que son équipe compte 19 agents. Mais entre les maladies, les accidents de travail et les congés, tous ne sont pas présents en même temps. Il manque actuellement sept personnes dans ce service.
Les conséquences se font sentir au quotidien : les agents doivent enchaîner les missions, les heures supplémentaires s’accumulent et les congés deviennent plus difficiles à prendre.
Le problème ne concerne pas seulement la charge de travail. Les chauffeurs assurent notamment des transferts vers les aéroports, les hôpitaux ou entre les prisons et les centres fermés. Ces déplacements doivent respecter des règles de sécurité, avec un nombre d’agents proportionnel au nombre de personnes transportées.
Lorsque les effectifs sont insuffisants, l’organisation de ces trajets devient plus compliquée. Et quand les personnes transportées peuvent se montrer agressives, le manque de personnel prend une autre dimension.
Des agressions de plus en plus fréquentesAu-delà de la charge de travail, la sécurité du personnel est devenue une préoccupation majeure. Stéphane Pépin constate une augmentation des incidents et des agressions contre les agents. Alors que ces faits étaient auparavant ponctuels, ils seraient aujourd’hui presque quotidiens, selon son témoignage.
Les risques auxquels le personnel est exposé ne se limitent pas aux tensions verbales ou aux conflits du quotidien. Certaines agressions laissent des traces physiques durables, avec des blessures parfois graves et des cicatrices. Des agents ont même été poignardés lors d’attaques à l’arme blanche.
Des profils de plus en plus variés dans les centres fermés« C’est depuis que les centres fermés accueillent des personnes qui ont séjourné en prison que les problématiques d’agression ont largement augmenté », estime Stéphane Pépin. À la fin de leur peine, certains ex-détenus y sont transférés dans l’attente d’un éventuel rapatriement.
Mais ils ne sont pas les seuls à nécessiter un accompagnement particulier. Les centres accueillent aussi des personnes souffrant d’addictions, de troubles psychiques ou ayant vécu longtemps dans la rue. Des situations différentes qui demandent une prise en charge adaptée, pas toujours possible dans les infrastructures actuelles. « Ce n’est pas un centre de désintoxication, ce n’est pas un hôpital psychiatrique », rappelle le représentant syndical.
Une relation de confiance mise à l’épreuve par des séjours plus longsÀ Vottem, l’éducateur constate lui aussi une évolution des profils et des situations. Contrairement aux agents chargés de la sécurité, son travail repose notamment sur la relation de confiance qu’il construit avec les résidents. « Ils nous confient leur parcours, leur vie, leurs projets », explique-t-il.
Cette proximité facilite parfois la gestion des situations, mais les éducateurs doivent aussi gérer la vie collective, les différences culturelles et les rapports de force entre résidents.
Il souligne également que les séjours ont tendance à s’allonger. Lorsqu’il a commencé à travailler à Vottem, les résidents restaient généralement deux ou trois mois. Aujourd’hui, certains y passent six, sept mois, voire un an.
Ces séjours prolongés compliquent l’accompagnement et pèsent aussi sur la vie quotidienne dans le centre. Ils soulèvent une question importante : comment maintenir des conditions de vie et de travail acceptables lorsque les personnes restent enfermées plus longtemps et que les équipes manquent déjà de moyens ?
Former davantage, sans désorganiser les équipesLe manque de formation est une autre difficulté soulevée par les travailleurs. Le chauffeur interrogé estime que les agents ne sont pas suffisamment préparés aux situations auxquelles ils peuvent être confrontés, notamment face à des comportements agressifs. Pour Stéphane Pépin, les formations doivent aussi permettre au personnel de mieux faire face à la diversité des situations rencontrées dans les centres.
Mais former davantage les agents reste compliqué lorsque les équipes sont déjà en sous-effectif. Lorsqu’un travailleur part en formation, ses collègues doivent assurer les missions à sa place. Renforcer les équipes apparaît donc comme une condition nécessaire pour améliorer la formation sans alourdir davantage leur charge de travail.
Pas de solution immédiateÀ la suite des discussions d’octobre, la ministre s’est engagée, selon Stéphane Pépin, à remplacer chaque agent qui quitte son poste. Jusqu’ici, seuls un départ sur trois ou quatre était compensé. Mais les recrutements prennent du temps et ne permettent pas de combler immédiatement les postes vacants. Les syndicats n’ont pas non plus obtenu la garantie que l’augmentation du taux d’occupation des centres serait suspendue en attendant une amélioration des conditions de travail.
Revaloriser les salairesD’autres discussions doivent porter sur les rémunérations. Stéphane Pépin rappelle que les barèmes n’ont, selon lui, plus été réévalués depuis près de vingt ans dans la fonction publique fédérale. Une hausse des primes de risque est notamment envisagée. Mais pour lui, ces mesures ne suffiront pas sans un financement plus important des services publics fédéraux.
La suspension de la grève ne signifie donc pas que le problème est réglé. Les syndicats attendent désormais que les engagements annoncés se traduisent par des changements concrets sur le terrain.
Il faut se donner les moyens d’une politique migratoire efficace et humaine.
Un éducateur de VottemLes difficultés dans les centres fermés ne concernent pas seulement les conditions de travail. Réduire la durée des séjours dépend aussi du bon déroulement des procédures de rapatriement.
Pour Stéphane Pépin, il faut donc agir sur plusieurs points à la fois : garantir des conditions acceptables dans les centres et faire en sorte que toute la chaîne du rapatriement fonctionne.
The post Personnel sous pression dans les centres fermés appeared first on Mammouth Média.
Rentrée académique fantôme au Sud-Kivu
Les rebelles de l’AFC/M23 et le gouvernement de la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) s’opposent sur l’organisation de la rentrée universitaire
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©photographe souhaitant resté anonyme
Depuis juin 2025, les rebelles de l’AFC/M23 (actuel Front pour la Refondation de la Nation) ont nommé de nouveaux comités de gestion dans 11 universités et instituts supérieurs publics, auparavant désignés par Kinshasa. En réaction, le gouvernement de la République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) a suspendu toute activité académique dans ces établissements.
Dans ces 11 établissements publics, les rebelles qui occupent Goma et Bukavu dans le Nord-Kivu et le Sud-Kivu annonçaient pourtant la rentrée académique pour le 15 octobre. L’Institut Supérieur Pédagogique (ISP) de Bukavu est resté fermé, obéissant à Kinshasa. De leur côté, l’Université Officielle de Bukavu (UOB) et l’Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales (ISTM) ont ouvert leurs portes pour la rentrée conformément à la volonté des rebelles. Malgré l’ouverture, les cours n’ont repris que pour les étudiant·es de 1re année et en comité très restreint. «L’UOB n’a communiqué aucun horaire de reprise pour les autres promotions», notifie une étudiante en 2ᵉ année de baccalauréat.
De l’autre côté, le gouvernement de Kinshasa prévoit sa rentrée académique le 26 octobre sur l’ensemble du territoire congolais. Au vu de la suspension des activités académiques, l’effectivité de cette rentrée demeure incertaine au sein des 11 établissements concernés à Goma et Bukavu.
«La rébellion place nos étudiant·es qui sont dans ces territoires face au risque que leur diplôme ne puisse jamais être reconnu, ni sur le plan national, ni sur le plan international», exprime M. Ilosyo Imonano, secrétaire général de l’Enseignement Supérieur, Universitaire, Recherche Scientifique et Innovation (ESURSI).
Les étudiant·es et les membres du personnel universitaire du Nord-Kivu et du Sud-Kivu se retrouvent pris·es entre deux autorités aux décisions contradictoires. Le gouvernement congolais conteste la légitimité des nominations effectuées par l’AFC/M23 à la tête de plusieurs établissements publics à Goma et à Bukavu. En parallèle, le ministère de l’ESURSI a ordonné la suspension du paiement des rémunérations de certains membres du personnel accusés d’avoir rejoint le mouvement rebelle, de lui avoir prêté allégeance ou d’avoir accepté d’exercer des fonctions sous son autorité.
Cette rentrée académique organisée par les rebelles a été très peu couverte et commentée dans les médias locaux. Elle a aussi connu une faible affluence d’étudiant·es. «Au vu des images qui circulaient le jour de la cérémonie (…), il n’y avait pas 100 étudiant·es», affirme un assistant d’université. «C’est plus de 30 000 étudiant·es qui sont aujourd’hui coincé·es et qui ne savent pas quoi faire», précise-t-il.
Parmi le personnel académique contacté, peu de personnes acceptent de témoigner, par peur des représailles. Selon des sources sur place, des professeurs réfractaires à enseigner seraient en danger de mort. Une partie d’entre eux aurait déjà pris la fuite. Nous ne sommes cependant pas en mesure de vérifier ces informations.
Partir n’est pas simpleLe gouvernement affirme soutenir les étudiant·es en exhortant les établissements supérieurs des autres provinces à faciliter leur intégration. Par ailleurs, l’Université de Kisangani (UNIKIS) a accueilli 157 étudiant·es en médecine originaires de Goma et de Bukavu. Plusieurs d’entre eux avaient déjà payé leurs frais académiques dans leurs universités d’origine et dès lors, sollicitent un allègement des charges liées à leur intégration.
Beaucoup de mes camarades dans ma faculté ont décidé de quitter l’établissement et d’arrêter leurs études.
Dans un communiqué publié le 17 octobre, la cellule de communication de l’ESURSI précise pourtant qu’il est interdit de faire payer une seconde fois les frais académiques pour une même période. Mais dans les faits, il y a des difficultés sur ce point. Le ministère reconnaît que la voie administrative ne suffit pas à résoudre toutes les difficultés.
Autre obstacle : les programmes diffèrent entre établissements, ce qui pose des problèmes d’équivalence entre les cours. Les conditions d’admission ne sont pas non plus identiques entre les universités. L’examen du dossier académique et l’autorisation d’accès posent donc problème.
«Beaucoup de mes camarades dans ma faculté ont décidé de quitter l’établissement et d’arrêter leurs études. Ils choisissent d’entrer directement dans la vie active. Ils espèrent que la situation se stabilise un jour pour avoir l’occasion de reprendre et d’achever leur formation», déplore un étudiant de l’ISP-Bukavu faculté d’informatique et gestion.
«L’éducation ne doit pas devenir une arme de guerre»Le 10 octobre 2026, l’archevêque métropolitain de Bukavu, Mgr François-Xavier Maroy Rusengo, a adressé une lettre ouverte à l’AFC/M23 et au ministère de l’ ESURSI intitulée Remets ton épée au fourreau. Il appelle les parties à ne pas utiliser l’éducation et les services sociaux comme des armes de guerre ou des instruments de règlement de comptes.
La Représentation nationale des étudiants du Congo (RNEC) a, elle aussi, réagi à la situation dans un communiqué publié sur Facebook. Le collectif exprime son indignation face à l’occupation des deux provinces et dénonce ses conséquences sur le parcours académique des étudiant·es. Il appelle le gouvernement et le ministère de l’ESURSI à accorder une attention particulière à leur situation, notamment en facilitant le transport, l’hébergement et l’accès aux biens et services essentiels pour les étudiant·es contraints de se relocaliser.
À Goma comme à Bukavu, les amphithéâtres sont devenus le reflet des fractures qui traversent l’est de la RDC. Beaucoup de jeunes doivent mettre leurs projets d’avenir en pause à cause des décisions de l’administration et d’une guerre entre deux autorités rivales. Tant qu’aucune solution consensuelle n’émerge, des milliers de jeunes risquent de payer le prix d’une guerre qui s’invite désormais jusque dans les universités.
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Nord-Kivu Goma Sud-Kivu Bukavu Universités et instituts Voir tout le paysContours des provinces : skywalker282/drcMapsGeojson. Pays voisins : Natural Earth (domaine public). Contours simplifiés ; villes et noms placés à la main (repères indicatifs) et généré par Claude (langage d’Intelligence Artificiel).
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var COULEURS = { pays: "#dcfbf3", kivu: "#2fd1a8", kivuSurvol: "#1fb892", trait: "#000" }; // Repère le Nord-Kivu / Sud-Kivu quelle que soit la façon dont le fichier nomme ses champs function norm(s) { return String(s).normalize("NFD").replace(/[\u0300-\u036f]/g, "").toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/g, ""); } function cleKivu(feature) { var props = feature.properties || {}; for (var k in props) { if (typeof props[k] !== "string") continue; var v = norm(props[k]); if (v.indexOf("nordkivu") > -1 || v.indexOf("northkivu") > -1) return "nord"; if (v.indexOf("sudkivu") > -1 || v.indexOf("southkivu") > -1) return "sud"; } return null; } var map = L.map("mm-map", { zoomSnap: 0.25, scrollWheelZoom: false, dragging: !L.Browser.mobile, attributionControl: false, zoomControl: true }); map.createPane("mm-points").style.zIndex = 450; // points visibles au-dessus des provinces var couches = {}, toutes; if (window.ResizeObserver) { new ResizeObserver(function () { map.invalidateSize(); }).observe(document.getElementById("mm-map")); } var message = document.getElementById("mm-message"); // Étiquettes des pays voisins (le dernier champ = visible seulement en zoom rapproché) [["Ouganda", 1.5, 32.4, 0], ["Rwanda", -1.95, 29.95, 0], ["Burundi", -3.35, 29.9, 1], ["Soudan du Sud", 6.8, 29.5, 0], ["Rép. centrafricaine", 6.1, 21.2, 0], ["Congo", -1.2, 14.6, 0], ["Angola", -11.2, 17.2, 0], ["Zambie", -14.8, 27.2, 0], ["Tanzanie", -5.6, 33.8, 0] ].forEach(function (v) { L.marker([v[1], v[2]], { interactive: false, keyboard: false, icon: L.divIcon({ className: "mm-voisin" + (v[3] ? " mm-ville-detail" : ""), html: v[0], iconSize: null }) }).addTo(map); }); // Villes repères [["Kinshasa", -4.325, 15.322, "right", ""], ["Goma", -1.679, 29.222, "left", " mm-ville-detail"], ["Bukavu", -2.508, 28.86, "left", " mm-ville-detail"] ].forEach(function (v) { L.circleMarker([v[1], v[2]], { radius: 5, color: "#000", weight: 2, fillColor: "#000", fillOpacity: 1, interactive: false, pane: "mm-points" }) .bindTooltip(v[0], { permanent: true, direction: v[3], offset: [v[3] === "right" ? 6 : -6, 0], className: "mm-ville" + v[4] }) .addTo(map); }); // Établissements d'enseignement supérieur [sigle, nom complet, ville, latitude, longitude, note] var CAMPUS = "Campus partagé"; var ETABS = [ ["UNIGOM", "Université de Goma (UNIGOM)", "Goma", -1.6776268, 29.2170024, ""], ["ISTA Goma", "Institut supérieur des techniques appliquées (ISTA)", "Goma", -1.62205, 29.1184895, ""], ["UOB", "Université officielle de Bukavu (UOB)", "Bukavu", -2.4987383, 28.8443784, ""], ["ISC Bukavu", "Institut supérieur de commerce (ISC Bukavu)", "Bukavu", -2.5119313, 28.8479036, ""], ["ISTM Bukavu", "Institut supérieur des techniques médicales (ISTM Bukavu)", "Bukavu", -2.4996186, 28.8439782, ""], ["ISP Bukavu", "Institut supérieur pédagogique (ISP Bukavu)", "Bukavu", -2.5098497, 28.8567871, ""], ["ISC Goma", "Institut supérieur de commerce (ISC Goma)", "Bukavu", -2.5123096, 28.8479714, CAMPUS], ["ISTM Goma", "Institut supérieur des techniques médicales (ISTM Goma)", "Bukavu", -2.4998383, 28.8440694, CAMPUS], ["ISDR", "Institut supérieur de développement rural (ISDR)", "Bukavu", -2.5098497, 28.8567871, CAMPUS] ]; // Les établissements à la même position partagent un seul point et une seule fiche var groupes = {}; ETABS.forEach(function (e) { var cle = e[3] + "," + e[4]; var g = groupes[cle] = groupes[cle] || { e: e, lignes: [] }; g.lignes.push("" + e[1] + "" + e[2] + (e[5] ? "
" + e[5] + "" : "")); }); Object.keys(groupes).forEach(function (cle) { var g = groupes[cle]; g.m = L.circleMarker([g.e[3], g.e[4]], { radius: 7, color: "#b8f7e8", weight: 3, fillColor: "#000", fillOpacity: 1, pane: "mm-points" }) .bindPopup(g.lignes.join("")).addTo(map); }); var listeEtabs = document.getElementById("mm-etabs"); ETABS.forEach(function (e) { var m = groupes[e[3] + "," + e[4]].m; var b = document.createElement("button"); b.className = "mm-ligne"; b.type = "button"; b.innerHTML = "" + e[0] + "" + e[2] + ""; b.addEventListener("click", function () { map.once("moveend", function () { m.openPopup(); }); map.flyTo([e[3], e[4]], 12, { duration: 0.8 }); }); listeEtabs.appendChild(b); }); // Établissements sans localisation précise : listés mais absents de la carte ["ISP Goma", "ISAM"].forEach(function (nom) { var d = document.createElement("div"); d.className = "mm-ligne mm-inconnu"; d.innerHTML = "" + nom + "non localisé"; listeEtabs.appendChild(d); }); L.control.scale({ imperial: false, position: "bottomleft" }).addTo(map); var conteneur = document.querySelector(".mm-carte"); function majZoom() { conteneur.classList.toggle("mm-proche", map.getZoom() >= 6); } map.on("zoomend", majZoom); map.on("popupopen", function () { conteneur.classList.add("mm-popup-ouvert"); }); map.on("popupclose", function () { conteneur.classList.remove("mm-popup-ouvert"); }); // En-tête collant du thème : on le remonte au-dessus de la carte // (sinon la carte et la mini-carte passent par-dessus le menu quand on scrolle). function releverEntete() { document.querySelectorAll("header, #masthead, .site-header, [class*='header'], [id*='header']").forEach(function (el) { if (conteneur.contains(el)) return; var cs = getComputedStyle(el); if ((cs.position === "fixed" || cs.position === "sticky") && !(parseInt(cs.zIndex, 10) >= 1000)) { el.style.setProperty("z-index", "1000", "important"); } }); } releverEntete(); window.addEventListener("load", releverEntete); function style(f) { var kivu = cleKivu(f); return { color: COULEURS.trait, weight: kivu ? 3 : 1, fillColor: kivu ? COULEURS.kivu : COULEURS.pays, fillOpacity: 1 }; } function activer(cle) { document.querySelectorAll(".mm-ligne").forEach(function (b) { b.classList.toggle("actif", cle !== null && b.getAttribute("data-cle") === cle); }); } function zoomer(cle) { if (!couches[cle]) return; map.flyToBounds(couches[cle].getBounds(), { padding: [30, 30], duration: 0.8 }); activer(cle); } Promise.resolve(DONNEES) .then(function (data) { // Fond : RDC (comble les interstices) puis pays voisins en gris L.geoJSON(VOISINS, { filter: function (f) { return f.properties.c === "COD"; }, interactive: false, style: { stroke: false, fillColor: COULEURS.pays, fillOpacity: 1 } }).addTo(map); L.geoJSON(VOISINS, { filter: function (f) { return f.properties.c !== "COD"; }, interactive: false, style: { color: "#9a9a94", weight: 1, fillColor: "#e2e2dd", fillOpacity: 1 } }).addTo(map); toutes = L.geoJSON(data, { style: style, onEachFeature: function (f, layer) { var cle = cleKivu(f); if (!cle) return; couches[cle] = layer; layer.bindTooltip(cle === "nord" ? "Nord-Kivu" : "Sud-Kivu", { permanent: true, direction: "center", className: "mm-etiquette" }); layer.on({ click: function () { zoomer(cle); }, mouseover: function () { layer.setStyle({ fillColor: COULEURS.kivuSurvol }); }, mouseout: function () { layer.setStyle({ fillColor: COULEURS.kivu }); } }); } }).addTo(map); Object.keys(couches).forEach(function (k) { couches[k].bringToFront(); }); map.fitBounds(toutes.getBounds(), { padding: [40, 40] }); majZoom(); message.style.display = "none"; }) .catch(function () { message.textContent = "La carte n’a pas pu se charger. Rechargez la page ou réessayez plus tard."; }); document.querySelectorAll(".mm-ligne[data-cle]").forEach(function (b) { b.addEventListener("click", function () { zoomer(b.getAttribute("data-cle")); }); }); document.getElementById("mm-reset").addEventListener("click", function () { if (toutes) map.flyToBounds(toutes.getBounds(), { padding: [40, 40], duration: 0.8 }); activer(null); }); })();
Auteurs: Vanessa Simbaña, Nathan Carrette, Espérance Furaha et Anaïs Escudero
The post Rentrée académique fantôme au Sud-Kivu appeared first on Mammouth Média.
Manifestations : jusqu’où peut aller la police ?
Photo – Damien Duponcheele (Mammouth)
Sur les réseaux sociaux, des images choquantes d’interventions policières se succèdent : usages de gaz lacrymogènes, de matraques et d’autopompes. Quel est le cadre qui régit ces pratiques ? Comment s’applique-t-il concrètement sur le terrain?
Alors que les manifestations prennent de l’ampleur en Belgique depuis le début de ce mois d’octobre 2026, les témoignages de personnes se disant victimes de violences policières se multiplient.
Selon le Comité P, l’organisme indépendant chargé de contrôler les services de police en Belgique, 21 plaintes ont été déposées entre le 1er et le 16 octobre 2026. Le comité P n’a aucun pouvoir répressif et n’exerce pas de sanction directe. Il a une vue d’ensemble sur les plaintes déposées par les citoyens. Au long de la procédure, il formule des avis et des recommandations. Il a un droit de regard sur la manière dont les plaintes sont traitées par les autorités disciplinaires internes.
Quels textes régissent les actions policières
En Belgique, deux textes principaux régissent et encadrent les méthodes utilisées par la Police. Le premier est la Loi sur la Fonction de Police. Comme son nom l’indique, elle pose un cadre légal à toute pratique policière, définit les différentes missions et pose des limites claires à l’usage de la force et des armes létales ou non létales.
Le second est le Code de déontologie des services de police. Il est axé sur l’éthique professionnelle et les valeurs d’intégrité, de respect des droits et des libertés. Il n’a pas de valeur juridique. Son non-respect peut fonder une procédure disciplinaire qui va de l’avertissement à la révocation.
Pour disperser une manifestation, la Police peut avoir recours à différentes méthodes. L’une des plus répandues consiste au jet de petites bombes aérosol, remplie d’un gaz irritant : le gaz lacrymogène. Légalement, il ne peut être utilisé que quand il est strictement indispensable. Pourtant, de nombreux manifestants rapportent avoir été “gazés” en plein cortège pacifique, alors qu’ils ne présentaient aucune menace pour l’ordre public : “On était en train de chanter et danser en fin de cortège, quand deux bombes lacrymo ont été lancées par l’arrière de la foule, on a été obligés de courir vers les rues sur les côtés.”, explique Nina-Lou, une étudiante présente à la manifestation du 9 octobre 2026 à Bruxelles. “On aurait dit que la volonté n’était pas de juste gazer la foule, mais aussi de viser des individus”, rapporte un autre étudiant à la manifestation du 17 octobre à Liège.
“Pour finir d’éparpiller la foule, ils ont sorti l’autopompe”, poursuit-il. Ce véhicule lourd à l’allure de gros camion est équipé de deux canons à eau, capable de propulser des jets à haute pression. Comme le gaz lacrymogène, il est considéré comme une arme non létale et son utilisation doit répondre à trois principes : la légalité, la nécessité et la proportionnalité. Ces notions peuvent paraître un peu floues et subjectives. Pour les interpréter, un avocat, qui souhaite conserver l’anonymat, détaille : “Concrètement, je regarde trois choses. 1) La personne représentait-elle une menace ? 2) Y avait-il une alternative ? 3) La force employée était-elle en rapport avec la situation ?.”
Sauf en cas d’urgence absolue ou de légitime défense, l’utilisation de l’autopompe doit impérativement être précédée de sommations répétées par haut-parleur. La police est dans l’obligation de prévenir que l’engin va être utilisé si le périmètre n’est pas évacué. Des règles de sécurité très concrètes existent afin d’éviter tout accident ou mise en danger des citoyens : pour pouvoir être utilisées, les autopompes doivent être stationnées sur des voies carrossables situées entre 4 et 10 mètres des façades. À partir de ce point, la portée de leur jet dépend du type de tuyau utilisé.
Identifier, filmer, diffuser : quels droits sur l’image des policiers ?À Liège, lors de l’assemblée Etudiant.es en lutte, un membre du collectif Outils Solidaires contre les Violences Policières, est clair : “Tout policier doit pouvoir être identifié lors d’une intervention.”. En Belgique, chaque membre des forces de l’ordre porte une plaquette nominative affichée sur la poitrine. Il possède également une carte de légitimation qu’il est dans l’obligation de présenter si on lui demande. Même les policiers en civils sont concernés : ils ne portent pas leur uniforme mais doivent obligatoirement porter un brassard orange reconnaissable dans une foule de manifestants.
Comme le montre cette vidéo issue de TikTok, certains policiers déclarent qu’il est interdit de les filmer. En réalité, ils ne sont pas en mesure de le refuser. Un manifestant à le droit d’immortaliser une intervention policière à condition que cela n’entrave pas la procédure. Il est néanmoins vivement recommandé de ne pas diffuser des visages reconnaissables d’agents sur les réseaux pour éviter tout risque de poursuites ou d’accusations. Des images peuvent s’avérer essentielles pour constituer des preuves : “Je dis toujours à mes clients : filmez, gardez les certificats médicaux, notez les noms des témoins. Sans preuves, tout devient très difficile”, explique l’avocat.
Nawal Bensaid, sociologue et co-autrice de l’étude “Des secrets policiers” aux tensions éthiques des chercheurs :” l’indicible dans les coulisses du travail policier”, souligne l’importance du droit de filmer. “Ce qui est sûr, c’est que le rapport entre policiers et manifestants est asymétrique. En démocratie, la police est détentrice de la violence physique légitime (concept de Max Weber) et ils ont donc un pouvoir sur la manifestation et les manifestants. (…) Ceci dit, les manifestants ont la possibilité de filmer les interactions, ce qui leur octroie un (petit) pouvoir.”
La nasse : illégale mais pratiquéeSur les réseaux sociaux, il est aussi beaucoup question de la “nasse”. Cette technique, aussi appelée encerclement ou confinement consiste à couper tous les accès à un lieu où est contenu un attroupement de personnes dans une manifestation. Cette méthode fait débat car elle restreint les libertés fondamentales de circuler et de manifester. Le 14 mars 2025, le tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles a estimé, dans une affaire d’encerclement de manifestants, que cette technique ne disposait pas d’un cadre légal suffisant. Pourtant, les forces de l’ordre continuent à l’utiliser. Selon la police, son objectif est de calmer la foule et de pouvoir procéder à des contrôles de manière plus efficace.
Le contrôle d’identité doit être justifiéC’est souvent le premier contact entre un manifestant et la police : « Vos papiers, s’il vous plaît. » En Belgique, ce geste est encadré par l’article 34 de la Loi sur la fonction de police. Les agents peuvent contrôler l’identité d’une personne s’ils ont des « motifs raisonnables » de penser qu’elle est recherchée ou qu’elle trouble l’ordre public. Sur le papier, le contrôle ne peut donc pas être arbitraire. Dans la pratique, la formule laisse une large marge d’appréciation, surtout en manifestation où la notion d’ordre public est facilement invoquée.
Selon Nawal Bensaid, tout se joue dans cette perception. Elle rappelle que l’action policière repose sur un tri : « En soi, le tri social n’est pas problématique. Il est normal et indispensable à l’activité policière ». Le problème, selon elle, apparaît « quand il est fondé sur des préjugés et des stéréotypes ».
Une logique du pas vu, pas prisCe qui interpelle le plus les organisations de droits humains est le peu de statistiques mises à disposition pour permettre un recensement clair des violences exercées par les forces de l’ordre. Nawal Bensaïd explique que, malgré la présence de chiffres sur les violences policières en Belgique dans les rapports du Comité P, ceux d’UNIA, de l’Observatoire des violences policières et de l’AIG (Inspection générale de la police fédérale et de la police locale), ces données ne sont pas exhaustives car elles n’enregistrent que les plaintes, pas les violences en elles-mêmes. “Trop de plaintes sont classées sans suite, les procédures durent des années et le Comité P n’a pas les moyens d’enquêter sur tout”, ajoute l’avocat. Il est donc difficile de désigner un responsable et de prendre des mesures pour réduire ces violences. Selon Nawal Bensaid, les conséquences de ces lacunes sont interpellantes : “C’est un peu la logique du “pas vu pas pris”. En démocratie, les institutions publiques sont tenues de rendre des comptes. Mais dans le cas des violences policières (notamment), la police y échappe.”
Le rapport de force déséquilibré entre la police et les manifestants en fait douter plus d’un. “J’ai l’habitude d’aller manifester, mais je n’avais jamais vécu un cas aussi violent que celui de ce 9 octobre” confie Nina-Lou, qui manifestait à Bruxelles. Plusieurs manifestants témoignent d’un sentiment de peur face à certaines méthodes policières et expliquent parfois hésiter à participer à de nouvelles mobilisations. L’avocat interrogé se dit inquiet : “Le droit de manifester n’existe pas seulement sur le papier : il existe si les gens osent y aller. Quand des manifestants me disent qu’ils hésitent à revenir par peur, c’est déjà une atteinte au droit de manifester.”
En Belgique, le droit de manifester repose sur l’article 26 et l’article 19 de la Constitution belge. Il est également renforcé par l’article 11 de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. Il constitue donc un des piliers d’un régime démocratique.
De nombreux organismes de droits humains ont critiqué la Belgique pour des cas de violences policières, pointant du doigt des usages répétés et injustifiés de la force. Selon un rapport de l’Institut Fédéral des Droits de l’Homme, lorsque l’usage de cette force n’est pas proportionnée à l’objectif encouru, on peut parler de violation des droits humains. L’Etat belge a d’ailleurs déjà été condamné à plusieurs reprises par la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme pour des faits de violences policières, notamment en 2022 lors de l’Affaire Boutaffala contre Belgique.
En démocratie, les institutions publiques sont tenues de rendre des comptes. Mais dans le cas des violences policières (notamment), la police y échappe.
Nawal Bensaid, sociologueAu-delà des violences elles-mêmes, c’est aussi la confiance envers l’institution policière qui semble fragilisée, soulevant la question des conséquences de ces pratiques sur les relations entre le peuple et les forces de l’ordre. Nawal Bensaïd l’affirme, “Ce qui semble certain aussi, c’est que ça n’aide pas à reconstruire ou réparer le lien entre la police et certaines franges de la population.”
The post Manifestations : jusqu’où peut aller la police ? appeared first on Mammouth Média.
Eglises wallonnes : la course au financement
Face aux subsides qui déclinent, les fabriques d’église cherchent des alternatives pour se financer.
aux églises du Brabant Wallon
Toiles de l’Église Saint-Loup à Namur. Crédit photo: Alexandre Adam
Danse hip-hop, théâtre, festival de l’humour… la paroisse Saint-Géry de Limelette accueille désormais un large éventail d’activités culturelles. Ces évènements sont proposés par le Centre culturel d’Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve (SPOTT), qui prend possession des lieux jusqu’à fin 2027. Une aubaine pour la Fabrique d’église, qui gère les biens, les revenus et les dépenses de la paroisse, puisque le SPOTT a rénové toute l’installation électrique, dans une période où les subsides continuent de décroître.
Le culturel pour épauler le cultuelLa paroisse Saint-Géry n’a pas attendu le SPOTT pour organiser des spectacles. En effet, avant son arrivée, l’église accueillait déjà des chorales et des concerts. Des évènements qui représentaient 800 euros de bénéfice sur une année, auxquels s’ajoutaient les collectes, dons et inhumations. Un ressource limitée, mais néanmoins vitale pour une petite paroisse.
Mais les formes de revenus alternatives ne concernent pas que les églises plus modestes. Du côté de Namur, à l’église Saint-Loup, réputée pour son architecture baroque et son attrait touristique, des concerts d’orgue et des expositions sont organisés. André Dassy, président de l’ASBL Les Amis de Saint-Loup, précise : « La Fabrique nous a demandé de nous occuper des demandes d’évènements. Elle ne dispose pas de moyens dédiés au patrimoine (toiles, statues, orgues…) et c’est donc l’argent que nous récoltons qui y est consacré, car énormément d’œuvres demandent une restauration. »
L’immobilier pour soulager les paroisses« Une fabrique d’église peut trouver de l’argent en vendant des terres agricoles et en l’investissant dans du patrimoine immobilier, comme des appartements ou des maisons », explique Laurent Convent, responsable du Service du Temporel au Vicariat du Brabant wallon. Toutefois, tout dépend du facteur chance. Toutes les terres agricoles n’ont pas la même valeur. Les fonds récoltés peuvent ensuite servir à financer, entre autres, l’achat des hosties, du vin à destination de la messe ainsi que l’assurance incendie. À noter que cet argent ne peut pas servir à l’entretien et la restauration des bâtiments car il ne s’agirait pas d’une gestion prudente aux yeux de la loi. Cela reviendrait à diminuer le capital d’une fabrique pour qu’elle restaure l’édifice dont elle s’occupe, et donc à ce qu’elle s’appauvrisse.
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communaux Revenus « classiques » (collectes, dons et inhumations) Revenus alternatifs (revenus immobiliers, revenus culturels) Subsides régionaux* *Subsides liés à l’intérêt patrimonial du bâtiment FABRIQUE D’ÉGLISE DÉPENSES Dépenses dominicales (hosties, vin de messe…) Entretien de l’infrastructure (cloches, chauffage, extincteurs) Contributions Assurance incendie Responsabilité civileEn théorie, les fabriques d’églises ne devraient pas connaitre de difficultés financières puisque le Décret impérial de 1809 oblige les communes à combler d’éventuels déficits. Cependant, avec des subsides toujours plus bas, les fabriques d’église sont désormais poussées à l’innovation. Les communes les encouragent à être de moins en moins dépendantes, afin de subsidier le moins possible. Laurent Convent souligne que « les fabriques devront, à terme, tirer vers l’autosuffisance ».
Dans le Brabant wallon, certaines communes payent plus que d’autres en fonction du nombre de fabriques et de leurs moyens. Nivelles est de loin la commune à octroyer le plus de subsides aux fabriques d’église. Ce n’est pas étonnant puisqu’on y retrouve la Collégiale Ste-Gertrude. Elle coûterait 200 000 à 250 000 euros par an à la commune, qui l’entretient pour des raisons touristiques et patrimoniales, comme l’explique Laurent Convent.
Du côté de Rebecq, qui comprend un peu plus de 11 000 habitants, 4 fabriques d’églises reçoivent 135 000 euros de subsides communaux par an. Cela représente plus de 100 euros par habitant, uniquement pour l’entretien des églises de la commune. À l’inverse, à Lasne (14 000 habitants), les 7 fabriques d’église ne coûtent que 11 000 euros à l’année, soit moins de 1 euro par habitant. Ce qui explique cette différences pour deux communes de taille similaire, c’est que 5 des 7 fabriques d’églises lasnoises sont autosuffisantes, selon Laurent Convent.
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Montants reçus par commune en 2025 · total des 27 communes :
< 25 k€25–45 k€45–70 k€70–95 k€95–125 k€> 125 k€Sources : Archevêché de Malines-Bruxelles. Contours des communes : Statbel, via bmesuere/belgium-topojson (arneh61).
Carte interactive réalisée par Santiago Devriendt avec l’aide de Claude AI
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Au fil des années les églises sont de moins en moins fréquentées. « On ne peut nier le désintérêt croissant des gens et des croyants pour les églises », rapporte Laurent Convent. Pourtant, sauf cas de force majeure comme ce fut le cas à Nivelles lorsqu’une église menaçait de s’effondrer, rares sont les églises à fermer ou à être désacralisées. Laurent Convent l’explique par l’attachement des citoyens pour leurs paroisses locales. Pour lui, désacraliser une église serait un choix qui pourrait même sanctionner la majorité communale aux élections suivantes.
Si les citoyens se détournent des lieux de culte, la région, elle, continue de les soutenir au niveau patrimonial. En Wallonie, 789 lieux de culte catholiques sont classés au patrimoine de la région. Cela leur permet de recevoir une aide financière lorsque nécessaire. En effet, les subsides régionaux sont liés à l’intérêt patrimonial de l’édifice. Cela représente également un soutien financier crucial pour les fabriques d’église qui en bénéficient, notamment pour des travaux de rénovation ou d’aménagements exceptionnels.
Patrimoine religieux catholique classé en Walloniehtml{visibility:hidden}Patrimoine religieux catholique classé en WallonieCarte interactive réalisée par Santiago Devriendt avec l'aide de Claude AI
Combiner subsides communaux, voire régionaux, et revenus complémentaires (via le culturel ou l'immobilier) semble une piste viable pour faire revivre certains lieux de cultes. Alors, verra-t-on plus d'églises ouvrir leurs portes à des activités non-cultuelles ?
The post Eglises wallonnes : la course au financement appeared first on Mammouth Média.
Un festival pour changer le regard sur les réalisatrices
En octobre, le Brussels International Women’s Film Festival (BIWFF) met les cinéastes féminines à l’honneur
Du 13 au 21 octobre a lieu le Brussels International Women’s Film Festival (BIWFF). Depuis 2008, il met en lumière les réalisatrices venues des quatre coins du monde, sensibilisant le public aux enjeux d’égalité dans le monde audiovisuel. Tout au long de la semaine l’IHECS et la HELB collaborent pour couvrir le festival en diffusant une émission quotidienne et des contenus sur les réseaux sociaux.
Episode #1À la Bourse de Bruxelles, Camila et Robin vous accueillent pour ce premier Mag ! Au programme : une présentation des trois cinémas qui accueillent le festival, des immersions au sein d’associations qui mettent en lumière les cinéastes de demain, comme Graine de Cinéaste et Cinergie, des confidences sur des rôles féminins marquants, ainsi que des rencontres avec Gessica Généus et Yves-Marina Gnahoua.
Episode #2Pour ce deuxième Mag consacré au septième art au féminin, David et Lola vous donnent rendez-vous dans un lieu emblématique de Bruxelles : le Musée de la BD. Au fil des pages colorées du musée, nous revenons sur l’histoire du festival et l’ouverture de sa 18e édition, tout en partant à la rencontre de celles qui font vivre le cinéma féminin, notamment au sein de l’ASBL CinéFemmes.
Episode #3Pour ce troisième Mag du festival, Louis et Joséphine vous proposent un programme riche en découvertes : les secrets d’un bon pitch, l’univers singulier de Pauline Carrete et un retour sur la carrière de Chantal Akerman. Au fil de l’émission, nous partons également à la découverte de l’association Urbanistas, rencontrons la réalisatrice Ana Cristina Barragán et Marie Vermeiren, cofondatrice de l’association Elles tournent, avant de nous immerger dans les coulisses du métier de projectionniste.
The post Un festival pour changer le regard sur les réalisatrices appeared first on Mammouth Média.
La terre des autres
En Tanzanie, la protection de la nature sert à justifier l’expulsion des Maasaï de leurs terres ancestrales
Pour les Maasaï, la terre est plus qu’un territoire. Dans le nord de la Tanzanie, là où la nature luxuriante et la faune sauvage des parcs nationaux font rêver les touristes, d’autres réalités se jouent. Derrière les discours occidentaux de protection de la nature, se cachent des politiques qui expulsent les Maasaï de leurs terres ancestrales.
Maria, Lengai, Tina, Joseph, Raen… vivent ces bouleversements dans leur chair et dans leur sang. À travers leurs voix, ce film explore les luttes et la résilience d’un peuple.
The post La terre des autres appeared first on Mammouth Média.
A Bruxelles, la vente de bâtiments de la SLRB fait débat
A Bruxelles, la crise du logement social risque de s’aggraver avec des choix politiques controversés
Photos : Jimmy Loozen
Alors que le logement social ne représente que 7 % du parc bruxellois et que l’attente peut durer dix ans, la Région a confirmé la vente de deux sites initialement destinés à accueillir des logements sociaux. Associations et habitants contestent la décision, en justice comme dans la rue.
Sept pour cent. C’est la part du logement social dans le parc immobilier bruxellois, nettement inférieur à la moyenne européenne : il atteint 25 % à Paris et jusqu’à 40 % à Amsterdam. Conséquence : 60 000 ménages figurent sur les listes d’attente à Bruxelles et le délai peut atteindre une décennie. Dans ce contexte de crise structurelle, la Région a choisi de vendre une partie de son patrimoine.
Dans un contexte d’austérité budgétaire, le gouvernement bruxellois sortant a décidé de vendre deux bâtiments publics, afin de renflouer les finances de la Société du Logement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale (SLRB). Ces sites devaient pourtant accueillir plusieurs centaines de nouveaux logements sociaux. Le gouvernement actuel a confirmé cette décision, indique la porte-parole de la secrétaire d’État Karine Lalieux.
Pour Kalvin Soiresse Njall, député bruxellois Ecolo et ancien président du Parlement francophone bruxellois, cette vente pose un problème de fond : elle se fait « au plus offrant et sans condition ». Le contraste est net avec le passé : en 2022, lorsqu’un promoteur voulait transformer l’immeuble Palais en logements haut de gamme pour étudiants aisés, la SLRB avait imposé des conditions, dont la création de logements abordables. Aujourd’hui, ces exigences ont disparu. Un paradoxe selon l’élu : “ce n’est pas la quantité de logements qui est en cause mais le manque de logements accessibles aux revenus des Bruxellois modestes et de la classe moyenne”.
En juillet 2026, quatre associations ont introduit une action en référé contre la SLRB pour bloquer la vente des sites « Ariane », à Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, et « Palais », à Schaerbeek. Une décision qu’elles jugent incompatible avec l’urgence sociale. La contestation s’est poursuivie ce mercredi 30 septembre : une cinquantaine de locataires, de travailleurs du secteur et de citoyens se sont rassemblés au parc Bonnevie, à Molenbeek, pour dénoncer ces ventes et réaliser une fresque collective destinée à sensibiliser le public.
Aurélia posant devant son idée, une fresque collective « Investir dans le logement public, c’est investir dans la population »« Je suis travailleuse sociale depuis 26 ans, et j’ai vu l’évolution des politiques publiques de logement : elle est plutôt catastrophique », explique Aurélia, membre de la maison de quartier Bonnevie et du RBDH. « Il faut créer du logement public. Si l’on veut une population en bonne santé physique et mentale, les gens doivent pouvoir se loger à un prix décent. Investir là-dedans, c’est investir dans la dignité de la population, dans sa santé et dans l’avenir. La vente des deux bâtiments, à Palais et à Woluwe, est une aberration. Nous faisons cette fresque pour montrer que derrière ces 60 000 ménages en attente, il y a des familles, des enfants. »
La vente des deux bâtiments priverait Bruxelles d’environ 700 logements sociaux, qui devaient y être aménagés. Pour Karine Lalieux, l’objectif de la vente est clair : « garantir à la SLRB les moyens financiers de continuer à construire et à rénover des logements sociaux dans les années à venir ».
Des moyens dont les locataires déjà logés attendent encore les effets. Nicole, locataire d’un logement social à Woluwe Saint-Lambert depuis vingt ans, ne peut plus déménager faute de budget : « La demande de déménagement a été faite il y a plus d’un an, mais malheureusement le responsable du bâtiment m’a carrément répondu que les budgets sont bloqués et donc le transfert n’est pas possible. Moi, je suis dans un appartement agréable avec un peu trop d’espace pour moi, mais malheureusement une autre famille qui pourrait disposer de cet appartement ne va pas en bénéficier avant un long moment, ce qui est regrettable, vraiment”.
Selon les chiffres du cabinet de la secrétaire d’État Karine Lalieux, 4 500 logements sociaux sont vides à Bruxelles mais : “ces logements sont soit en chantier, soit libérés avant des travaux de rénovation, rien n’est figé dans un parc immobilier”. Les rénovations restent “une priorité de la secrétaire d’État », précise le cabinet, et « les chantiers déjà lancés se poursuivent”.
La vente des sites « Ariane » et « Palais » sera-t-elle le prix à payer pour que la SLRB puisse continuer à construire et rénover, comme l’affirme le gouvernement, ou le signe d’un renoncement, comme le redoutent les associations ? La réponse dépendra de la suite de la procédure, mais aussi de ce que fera concrètement le gouvernement des fonds récoltés. Pendant ce temps, à Molenbeek comme à Woluwe, des familles attendent.
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La contraception, une charge à sens unique ?
Nonna Jouannaud
En Belgique, la contraception repose encore majoritairement sur les femmes. Pourtant, plusieurs méthodes contraceptives masculines existent, tandis que des associations et des responsables politiques cherchent à mieux les faire connaître. Entre manque de recherche, accès limité et habitudes bien installées, le partage de la contraception reste encore largement à construire.
« Vous connaissez l’anneau thermique ? » Autour d’une table, trois étudiant.e.s écoutent avec attention Angèle, qui leur présente les différents moyens de contraception. En face de la salle de théâtre de l’ULB, Clara, Alex et Robin participent au parcours de sensibilisation et d’éducation à la santé sexuelle et affective coorganisé par O’YES ASBL et l’Université de Bruxelles. Pendant deux jours, les étudiant.e.s sont invité.es à parcourir différents stands avec des thématiques variées : consentement, IST, gestion de l’alcool et des substances… Ici, les questions d’intimité se jouent. Des dés, des cartes, des quiz. On s’arrête, on regarde, on discute. Qui connaît quoi ? Qui utilise quoi ? Et cette année, à un nouveau stand : qui prend la charge de la contraception ?
Prendre en charge le contrôle des naissances. Choisir une contraception. Renouveler l’ordonnance. Accepter les effets secondaires. S’adapter à un corps qui change. Selon Lola Tribout, qui réalise actuellement une thèse en sociologie sur la contraception masculine, le « travail contraceptif » ne se résume pas à prendre une pilule ou se faire poser un stérilet. Il y a autour de la contraception tout un travail à la fois physique, logistique et psychologique.
Ce travail n’a pas toujours reposé uniquement sur les femmes. Selon la sociologue, pendant longtemps, le retrait était la principale méthode utilisée : l’homme se retirait avant l’éjaculation pour éviter une grossesse. Avec la création de la pilule, la contraception s’est à la fois médicalisée et féminisée.
Cette médicalisation a constitué une conquête féministe gigantesque : prendre la main sur son corps et sa fécondité, avoir le choix. Mais cette liberté a aussi produit un nouvel effet : une grande partie du travail contraceptif repose désormais d’un seul côté.
Une charge à deux vitessesDevant le stand d’Angèle, Clara n’hésite pas longtemps. « Je pense que c’est surtout les femmes qui prennent la charge. » Elle parle de la pilule, des rendez-vous médicaux, du stress. Et puis aussi de la confiance. « Je ne me verrais pas laisser un mec prendre la contraception alors que c’est moi qui risque de tomber enceinte s’il oublie. »
À côté, Alex voit les choses autrement. « Dire que les femmes endossent plus de responsabilités, c’est une généralisation. Si ma copine prend la pilule, tant mieux, mais si elle ne la prend pas, je mets une capote. » Robin, lui, résume : « L’anneau, moi, ça ne me chauffe pas du tout. C’est trop compliqué comme processus. Le préservatif, ça fait déjà l’affaire. »
Angèle explique les différents moyens de contraceptions à des étudiant.e.sLouise-Marie, spécialiste de la contraception dans l’ASBL O’YES, observe pourtant que les hommes commencent à poser davantage de questions. Mais pour elle, cet intérêt ne signifie pas forcément qu’ils cherchent à prendre davantage en charge la contraception.
Selon Lola Tribout, cette réflexion ne vient pas d’eux directement. « Ce sont les partenaires femmes qui jouent le rôle principal dans la prise en considération de la contraception masculine. Au cours de discussions, elles vont mettre en lumière le travail contraceptif, expriment que c’est un fardeau et qu’elles veulent le partager. »
Selon une enquête de la mutualité Solidaris, 73 % de la population belge estime que la contraception devrait être une responsabilité partagée. Toutefois, seules 33 % des femmes (cisgenres) déclarent que leur partenaire s’implique réellement dans cette gestion au sein du couple.
Dans les ressentis, chez les jeunes, cette charge est effectivement rarement partagée. « Dans mon couple, on partage bien, mais en général, ce n’est pas le cas », explique Cyrielle. « Moi, j’ai le patch, et le partage se fait au niveau financier », continue-t-elle.
La contraception repose donc encore largement sur les femmes. Pourtant, des méthodes contraceptives masculines existent. Le problème, c’est qu’elles restent peu connues et que certaines ne sont pas accessibles, notamment parce qu’elles ne sont pas homologuées. La contraception ne se joue donc pas seulement dans la chambre à coucher : elle dépend aussi de choix politiques.
« Le nerf de la guerre, c’est la recherche »En 2022, Margaux de Ré, députée bruxelloise Ecolo, porte au Parlement francophone bruxellois une résolution visant notamment à élargir la contraception aux hommes, en sensibilisant les jeunes publics et en encourageant la recherche et le développement.
Le texte est adopté à la majorité. Mais la difficulté, selon elle, apparaît dès qu’on lie santé et inégalités de genre. « Dire qu’il y a des biais de genre qui font que ce sont souvent les femmes qui portent la charge contraceptive, c’est difficile à faire passer auprès de certains partis. Pour eux, ces inégalités sont plutôt le fruit du hasard. »
La résolution a permis de faire avancer la sensibilisation. L’EVRAS s’est davantage développée et des associations, comme O’YES, ont été subventionnées pour mener de nouvelles campagnes et actions. Mais la recherche, elle, déserte.
« L’idée, c’était surtout d’amener le sujet dans le débat politique, pour qu’il soit ensuite relayé au fédéral. Sensibiliser, c’est bien, mais le nerf de la guerre, c’est la recherche », relève Leila Agic, députée PS bruxelloise, qui a remis à l’ordre du jour la question de la charge contraceptive au Parlement bruxellois la semaine dernière.
Des blocages financiersPour développer de nouvelles méthodes contraceptives, il faut des financements. Et c’est là que le blocage apparaît.
En 2025, l’Institut pour l’égalité des femmes et des hommes publie une étude exploratoire sur les pratiques contraceptives. Elle conclut que la responsabilité et la charge contraceptive restent majoritairement portées par les femmes. Parmi ses recommandations : encourager la recherche et le développement de contraceptifs masculins.
Un an plus tard, ces recommandations sont restées lettre morte au fédéral. La contraception, sous toutes ses formes, ne figure ni dans l’accord de coalition fédérale 2025-2029, ni dans la note de politique générale Santé publique 2026 du ministre Frank Vandenbroucke.
Contactée à ce sujet, la porte-parole du ministre fédéral de la Santé répond : « La recherche sur de nouveaux contraceptifs masculins relève avant tout des universités et des institutions de recherche. Tant que ces nouvelles méthodes ne sont pas disponibles, les leviers d’action des pouvoirs publics restent limités. »
Or, si les pouvoirs publics renvoient la question vers les universités sans soutenir davantage la recherche, le développement de nouvelles méthodes reste difficile.
Du côté privé, peu d’entreprises pharmaceutiques investissent aujourd’hui dans la contraception masculine. La demande reste à première vue limitée et, sans marché identifié, l’intérêt économique à développer de nouvelles méthodes est difficile à trouver.
En sortant de la salle de l’ULB, Anna, étudiante à l’ULB, le résume de manière pessimiste : « Les normes alimentent les recherches scientifiques. Si les hommes continuent d’éviter la charge, les entreprises ne verront pas l’intérêt de faire des recherches. »
« La santé est écrite par des hommes pour des hommes »
À défaut de faire avancer la recherche, l’ASBL O’YES mise sur un autre levier : les jeunes. La campagne « Le plaisir se partage, la contraception aussi ! » cherche à faire de la contraception une responsabilité partagée. Pour Louise-Marie, le changement doit aussi passer par le médical. Former davantage les futurs professionnels du social et de la santé permettrait, selon elle, de diffuser « un discours commun » et une approche plus inclusive des différentes contraceptions.
Encore faut-il que ces méthodes trouvent leur public. Pour Leila Agic, les normes médicales jouent aussi un rôle : « La santé a été écrite par des hommes, pour des hommes, alors c’est difficile d’imaginer qu’ils vont mettre en place des choses qui leur sont contraignantes. »
En 2011, un essai international de contraception hormonale masculine est interrompu pour des « raisons de sécurité », notamment en raison de troubles de l’humeur et de dépressions. Des effets secondaires qui accompagnent pourtant depuis longtemps certaines contraceptions hormonales féminines. À la sortie du parcours de sensibilisation, Frank hésite. « Sur le principe, ça ne me dérangerait pas d’essayer un nouveau moyen de contraception pour homme, mais s’il y a des effets secondaires, c’est hors de question. »
Mais alors, jusqu’où accepte-t-on les contraintes de la contraception lorsqu’elles changent de genre ?
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A Bruxelles aussi, les élèves dans la rue
A Bruxelles aussi, les jeunes se mobilisent pour la qualité de l’enseignement et l’accessibilité des études.
Voyez le reportage d’Alexandre Deprins, Julie Derèse et Ariane De Cannart.
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Pas si différents
L’inclusion scolaire dans les écoles primaires
« Pas si différents » est un documentaire vidéo de 26 minutes qui parle de l’inclusion scolaire dans différents types d’écoles primaires en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles. Nous y suivons deux parcours lors de la rentrée de 2025 : celui de Lucile, atteinte de trisomie 21, dans une école dite ordinaire, ainsi que celui de Leon, également atteint de trisomie 21, dans une école inclusive.
À travers ces portraits croisés, le documentaire cherche à montrer les bénéfices que peut apporter l’inclusion scolaire, que ce soit aux enfants en situation de handicap intellectuel, aux enfants qui ne le sont pas, aux parents ainsi qu’aux enseignants, mais également à montrer les défis auxquels cet enseignement fait face.
Le documentaire nous plonge dans le quotidien de ces deux familles qui ne se connaissent pas, mais qui ont pourtant beaucoup en commun. Il met en lumière le parcours de nombreux parents qui souhaitent le meilleur pour leurs enfants, mais aussi d’enseignants qui cherchent à s’adapter à chaque enfant afin que chacun puisse trouver sa place.
Plus d’un an après le tournage de ce documentaire, leurs parcours ont pourtant évolué de manière différente. Si Leon a pu continuer sa scolarité dans l’école inclusive Singelijn et passer en 4e primaire, Lucile, quant à elle, a dû changer d’établissement. L’école ordinaire ne pouvait pas répondre pleinement à ses besoins concernant la poursuite de son parcours. C’est dans cette optique qu’elle a rejoint une classe spécialisée au sein d’une autre école ordinaire. Elle a vécu ce changement avec ses frères, sans encombre.
« Pas si différents » est un documentaire réalisé par l’équipe Illusion scolaire, composée de Louise Durieux, Arthur Dumoulin, Juliette Dussart, Mia Hodžić et Emilie Mailleux, cinq étudiants en dernière année de master en journalisme à l’IHECS.
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